Originally published in 2023. Preserved as historical writing; it has not been updated as current clinical guidance. John Cobb is retired.
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
What is PTSD? PTSD is a mental health condition that can develop after experiencing or witnessing a traumatic event, such as a natural disaster, war, sexual or physical assault, or other life-threatening events. It can also result from long-term exposure to traumatic situations, such as in cases of abuse, neglect, or serving in combat.
Symptoms of PTSD:
- Re-experiencing the traumatic event through vivid flashbacks or nightmares
- Avoidance behavior, such as avoiding certain people or places that trigger memories
- Negative thoughts and feelings, including guilt, shame, and emotional numbness
- Arousal and reactivity symptoms, such as feeling easily irritated, easily startled, and difficulty sleeping
Treatment for PTSD:
- Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)
- Exposure Therapy
- Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR)
- Medications, such as antidepressants and beta-blockers
It’s important to seek help if you or someone you know is experiencing symptoms of PTSD. PTSD can have a profound effect on daily life, but effective treatments are available.
For more information on PTSD, please consult a mental health professional or visit websites such as the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) or the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA).